Command-Line Pyramid

Your Pyramid application can be controlled and inspected using a variety of command-line utilities. These utilities are documented in this chapter.

We commonly refer to this collection of utilities as "p-scripts", which is short for "Pyramid console scripts".

Each p-script's command line usage details is available in the p* Scripts Documentation.

Running p-scripts

All of the Pyramid console scripts may be run either:

  • by its name

  • as a Python module

Running by p* script name

Each of Pyramid's console scripts may be run by its name. For example:

$VENV/bin/pserve development.ini --reload

Note

$VENV/bin/ is a convention we use to simplify Pyramid documentation. It represents the bin directory in a virtual environment, where $VENV is an environment variable representing its path. See Installing Pyramid on a Unix System and Why use $VENV/bin/pip instead of source bin/activate, then pip for more information.

Using Custom Arguments to Python when Running p* Scripts

New in version 1.5.

Each of Pyramid's console scripts (pserve, pviews, etc.) can be run using python3 -m, allowing custom arguments to be sent to the Python interpreter at runtime. For example:

python3 -m pyramid.scripts.pserve development.ini --reload

pviews: Displaying Matching Views for a Given URL

See also

See also the output of pviews --help.

For a big application with several views, it can be hard to keep the view configuration details in your head, even if you defined all the views yourself. You can use the pviews command in a terminal window to print a summary of matching routes and views for a given URL in your application. The pviews command accepts two arguments. The first argument to pviews is the path to your application's .ini file and section name inside the .ini file which points to your application. This should be of the format config_file#section_name. The second argument is the URL to test for matching views. The section_name may be omitted; if it is, it's considered to be main.

Here is an example for a simple view configuration using traversal:

 1$VENV/bin/pviews development.ini#tutorial /FrontPage
 2
 3URL = /FrontPage
 4
 5    context: <tutorial.models.Page object at 0xa12536c>
 6    view name:
 7
 8    View:
 9    -----
10    tutorial.views.view_page
11    required permission = view

The output always has the requested URL at the top and below that all the views that matched with their view configuration details. In this example only one view matches, so there is just a single View section. For each matching view, the full code path to the associated view callable is shown, along with any permissions and predicates that are part of that view configuration.

A more complex configuration might generate something like this:

 1$VENV/bin/pviews development.ini#shootout /about
 2
 3URL = /about
 4
 5    context: <shootout.models.RootFactory object at 0xa56668c>
 6    view name: about
 7
 8    Route:
 9    ------
10    route name: about
11    route pattern: /about
12    route path: /about
13    subpath:
14    route predicates (request method = GET)
15
16        View:
17        -----
18        shootout.views.about_view
19        required permission = view
20        view predicates (request_param testing, header X/header)
21
22    Route:
23    ------
24    route name: about_post
25    route pattern: /about
26    route path: /about
27    subpath:
28    route predicates (request method = POST)
29
30        View:
31        -----
32        shootout.views.about_view_post
33        required permission = view
34        view predicates (request_param test)
35
36        View:
37        -----
38        shootout.views.about_view_post2
39        required permission = view
40        view predicates (request_param test2)

In this case, we are dealing with a URL dispatch application. This specific URL has two matching routes. The matching route information is displayed first, followed by any views that are associated with that route. As you can see from the second matching route output, a route can be associated with more than one view.

For a URL that doesn't match any views, pviews will simply print out a Not found message.

pshell: The Interactive Shell

See also

See also the output of pshell --help.

Once you've installed your program for development using pip install -e ., you can use an interactive Python shell to execute expressions in a Python environment exactly like the one that will be used when your application runs "for real". To do so, use the pshell command line utility.

The argument to pshell follows the format config_file#section_name where config_file is the path to your application's .ini file and section_name is the app section name inside the .ini file which points to your application. For example, your application .ini file might have an [app:main] section that looks like so:

1[app:main]
2use = egg:MyProject
3pyramid.reload_templates = true
4pyramid.debug_authorization = false
5pyramid.debug_notfound = false
6pyramid.debug_templates = true
7pyramid.default_locale_name = en

If so, you can use the following command to invoke a debug shell using the name main as a section name:

$VENV/bin/pshell starter/development.ini#main
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 29 2010, 00:31:32)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help" for more information.

Environment:
  app          The WSGI application.
  registry     Active Pyramid registry.
  request      Active request object.
  root         Root of the default resource tree.
  root_factory Default root factory used to create `root`.

>>> root
<myproject.resources.MyResource object at 0x445270>
>>> registry
<Registry myproject>
>>> registry.settings['pyramid.debug_notfound']
False
>>> from myproject.views import my_view
>>> from pyramid.request import Request
>>> r = Request.blank('/')
>>> my_view(r)
{'project': 'myproject'}

The WSGI application that is loaded will be available in the shell as the app global. Also, if the application that is loaded is the Pyramid app with no surrounding middleware, the root object returned by the default root factory, registry, and request will be available.

You can also simply rely on the main default section name by omitting any hash after the filename:

$VENV/bin/pshell starter/development.ini

Press Ctrl-D to exit the interactive shell (or Ctrl-Z on Windows).

Extending the Shell

It is convenient when using the interactive shell often to have some variables significant to your application already loaded as globals when you start the pshell. To facilitate this, pshell will look for a special [pshell] section in your .ini file and expose the subsequent key/value pairs to the shell. Each key is a variable name that will be global within the pshell session; each value is a dotted Python name. If specified, the special key setup should be a dotted Python name pointing to a callable that accepts the dictionary of globals that will be loaded into the shell. This allows for some custom initializing code to be executed each time the pshell is run. The setup callable can also be specified from the commandline using the --setup option which will override the key in the .ini file.

For example, you want to expose your model to the shell along with the database session so that you can mutate the model on an actual database. Here, we'll assume your model is stored in the myapp.models package and that you're using pyramid_tm to configure a transaction manager on the request as request.tm.

1[pshell]
2setup = myapp.lib.pshell.setup
3models = myapp.models

By defining the setup callable, we will create the module myapp.lib.pshell containing a callable named setup that will receive the global environment before it is exposed to the shell. Here we mutate the environment's request as well as add a new value containing a WebTest version of the application to which we can easily submit requests. The setup callable can also be a generator which can wrap the entire shell lifecycle, executing code when the shell exits.

 1# myapp/lib/pshell.py
 2from contextlib import suppress
 3from transaction.interfaces import NoTransaction
 4from webtest import TestApp
 5
 6def setup(env):
 7    request = env['request']
 8    request.host = 'www.example.com'
 9    request.scheme = 'https'
10
11    env['testapp'] = TestApp(env['app'])
12
13    # start a transaction which can be used in the shell
14    request.tm.begin()
15
16    # if using the SQLAlchemy backend from our cookiecutter, the dbsession is
17    # connected to the transaction manager above
18    env['tm'] = request.tm
19    env['dbsession'] = request.dbsession
20    try:
21        yield
22
23    finally:
24        with suppress(NoTransaction):
25            request.tm.abort()

When this .ini file is loaded, the extra variable models will be available for use immediately. Since a setup callable was also specified, it is executed and new variables testapp, tm, and dbsession are exposed, and the request is configured to generate URLs from the host http://www.example.com. For example:

$VENV/bin/pshell starter/development.ini
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 29 2010, 00:31:32)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help" for more information.

Environment:
  app          The WSGI application.
  registry     Active Pyramid registry.
  request      Active request object.
  root         Root of the default resource tree.
  root_factory Default root factory used to create `root`.
  testapp      <webtest.TestApp object at ...>

Custom Variables:
  dbsession
  model        myapp.models
  tm

>>> testapp.get('/')
<200 OK text/html body='<!DOCTYPE...l>\n'/3337>
>>> request.route_url('home')
'https://www.example.com/'
>>> user = dbsession.query(models.User).get(1)
>>> user.name = 'Joe'
>>> tm.commit()
>>> tm.begin()
>>> user = dbsession.query(models.User).get(1)
>>> user.name == 'Joe'
'Joe'

Alternative Shells

The pshell command can be easily extended with alternate REPLs if the default python REPL is not satisfactory. Assuming you have a binding installed such as pyramid_ipython it will normally be auto-selected and used. You may also specifically invoke your choice with the -p choice or --python-shell choice option.

$VENV/bin/pshell -p ipython development.ini#MyProject

You may use the --list-shells option to see the available shells.

$VENV/bin/pshell --list-shells
Available shells:
  bpython
  ipython
  python

If you want to use a shell that isn't supported out of the box, you can introduce a new shell by registering an entry point in your setup.py:

setup(
    entry_points={
        'pyramid.pshell_runner': [
            'myshell=my_app:ptpython_shell_factory',
        ],
    },
)

And then your shell factory should return a function that accepts two arguments, env and help, which would look like this:

from ptpython.repl import embed

def ptpython_shell_runner(env, help):
    print(help)
    return embed(locals=env)

Changed in version 1.6: User-defined shells may be registered using entry points. Prior to this the only supported shells were ipython, bpython and python.

ipython and bpython have been moved into their respective packages pyramid_ipython and pyramid_bpython.

Setting a Default Shell

You may use the default_shell option in your [pshell] ini section to specify a list of preferred shells.

1[pshell]
2default_shell = ptpython ipython bpython

New in version 1.6.

proutes: Displaying All Application Routes

See also

See also the output of proutes --help.

You can use the proutes command in a terminal window to print a summary of routes related to your application. Much like the pshell command (see pshell: The Interactive Shell), the proutes command accepts one argument with the format config_file#section_name. The config_file is the path to your application's .ini file, and section_name is the app section name inside the .ini file which points to your application. By default, the section_name is main and can be omitted.

For example:

 1$VENV/bin/proutes development.ini
 2Name                       Pattern                     View                                          Method
 3----                       -------                     ----                                          ------
 4debugtoolbar               /_debug_toolbar/*subpath    <wsgiapp>                                     *
 5__static/                  /static/*subpath            dummy_starter:static/                         *
 6__static2/                 /static2/*subpath           /var/www/static/                              *
 7__pdt_images/              /pdt_images/*subpath        pyramid_debugtoolbar:static/img/              *
 8a                          /                           <unknown>                                     *
 9no_view_attached           /                           <unknown>                                     *
10route_and_view_attached    /                           app1.standard_views.route_and_view_attached   *
11method_conflicts           /conflicts                  app1.standard_conflicts                       <route mismatch>
12multiview                  /multiview                  app1.standard_views.multiview                 GET,PATCH
13not_post                   /not_post                   app1.standard_views.multiview                 !POST,*

proutes generates a table with four columns: Name, Pattern, View, and Method. The items listed in the Name column are route names, the items listed in the Pattern column are route patterns, the items listed in the View column are representations of the view callable that will be invoked when a request matches the associated route pattern, and the items listed in the Method column are the request methods that are associated with the route name. The View column may show <unknown> if no associated view callable could be found. The Method column, for the route name, may show either <route mismatch> if the view callable does not accept any of the route's request methods, or * if the view callable will accept any of the route's request methods. If no routes are configured within your application, nothing will be printed to the console when proutes is executed.

It is convenient when using the proutes command often to configure which columns and the order you would like to view them. To facilitate this, proutes will look for a special [proutes] section in your .ini file and use those as defaults.

For example you may remove the request method and place the view first:

1[proutes]
2format = view
3         name
4         pattern

You can also separate the formats with commas or spaces:

1[proutes]
2format = view name pattern
3
4[proutes]
5format = view, name, pattern

If you want to temporarily configure the columns and order, there is the argument --format, which is a comma separated list of columns you want to include. The current available formats are name, pattern, view, and method.

ptweens: Displaying "Tweens"

See also

See also the output of ptweens --help.

A tween is a bit of code that sits between the main Pyramid application request handler and the WSGI application which calls it. A user can get a representation of both the implicit tween ordering (the ordering specified by calls to pyramid.config.Configurator.add_tween()) and the explicit tween ordering (specified by the pyramid.tweens configuration setting) using the ptweens command. Tween factories will show up represented by their standard Python dotted name in the ptweens output.

For example, here's the ptweens command run against a system configured without any explicit tweens:

 1$VENV/bin/ptweens development.ini
 2"pyramid.tweens" config value NOT set (implicitly ordered tweens used)
 3
 4Implicit Tween Chain
 5
 6Position    Name                                                Alias
 7--------    ----                                                -----
 8-           -                                                   INGRESS
 90           pyramid_debugtoolbar.toolbar.toolbar_tween_factory  pdbt
101           pyramid.tweens.excview_tween_factory                excview
11-           -                                                   MAIN

Here's the ptweens command run against a system configured with explicit tweens defined in its development.ini file:

 1$VENV/bin/ptweens development.ini
 2"pyramid.tweens" config value set (explicitly ordered tweens used)
 3
 4Explicit Tween Chain (used)
 5
 6Position    Name
 7--------    ----
 8-           INGRESS
 90           starter.tween_factory2
101           starter.tween_factory1
112           pyramid.tweens.excview_tween_factory
12-           MAIN
13
14Implicit Tween Chain (not used)
15
16Position    Name
17--------    ----
18-           INGRESS
190           pyramid_debugtoolbar.toolbar.toolbar_tween_factory
201           pyramid.tweens.excview_tween_factory
21-           MAIN

Here's the application configuration section of the development.ini used by the above ptweens command which reports that the explicit tween chain is used:

 1[app:main]
 2use = egg:starter
 3reload_templates = true
 4debug_authorization = false
 5debug_notfound = false
 6debug_routematch = false
 7debug_templates = true
 8default_locale_name = en
 9pyramid.include = pyramid_debugtoolbar
10pyramid.tweens = starter.tween_factory2
11                 starter.tween_factory1
12                 pyramid.tweens.excview_tween_factory

See Registering Tweens for more information about tweens.

prequest: Invoking a Request

See also

See also the output of prequest --help.

You can use the prequest command-line utility to send a request to your application and see the response body without starting a server.

There are two required arguments to prequest:

  • The config file/section: follows the format config_file#section_name, where config_file is the path to your application's .ini file and section_name is the app section name inside the .ini file. The section_name is optional; it defaults to main. For example: development.ini.

  • The path: this should be the non-URL-quoted path element of the URL to the resource you'd like to be rendered on the server. For example, /.

For example:

$VENV/bin/prequest development.ini /

This will print the body of the response to the console on which it was invoked.

Several options are supported by prequest. These should precede any config file name or URL.

prequest has a -d (i.e., --display-headers) option which prints the status and headers returned by the server before the output:

$VENV/bin/prequest -d development.ini /

This will print the status, headers, and the body of the response to the console.

You can add request header values by using the --header option:

$VENV/bin/prequest --header=Host:example.com development.ini /

Headers are added to the WSGI environment by converting them to their CGI/WSGI equivalents (e.g., Host=example.com will insert the HTTP_HOST header variable as the value example.com). Multiple --header options can be supplied. The special header value content-type sets the CONTENT_TYPE in the WSGI environment.

By default, prequest sends a GET request. You can change this by using the -m (aka --method) option. GET, HEAD, POST, and DELETE are currently supported. When you use POST, the standard input of the prequest process is used as the POST body:

$VENV/bin/prequest -mPOST development.ini / < somefile

pdistreport: Showing All Installed Distributions and Their Versions

New in version 1.5.

See also

See also the output of pdistreport --help.

You can use the pdistreport command to show the Pyramid version in use, the Python version in use, and all installed versions of Python distributions in your Python environment:

$VENV/bin/pdistreport
Pyramid version: 1.5dev
Platform Linux-3.2.0-51-generic-x86_64-with-debian-wheezy-sid
Packages:
  authapp 0.0
    /home/chrism/projects/foo/src/authapp
  beautifulsoup4 4.1.3
    /home/chrism/projects/foo/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.1.3-py2.7.egg
# ... more output ...

pdistreport takes no options. Its output is useful to paste into a pastebin when you are having problems and need someone with more familiarity with Python packaging and distribution than you have to look at your environment.

Writing a Script

All web applications are, at their hearts, systems which accept a request and return a response. When a request is accepted by a Pyramid application, the system receives state from the request which is later relied on by your application code. For example, one view callable may assume it's working against a request that has a request.matchdict of a particular composition, while another assumes a different composition of the matchdict.

In the meantime, it's convenient to be able to write a Python script that can work "in a Pyramid environment", for instance to update database tables used by your Pyramid application. But a "real" Pyramid environment doesn't have a completely static state independent of a request; your application (and Pyramid itself) is almost always reliant on being able to obtain information from a request. When you run a Python script that simply imports code from your application and tries to run it, there just is no request data, because there isn't any real web request. Therefore some parts of your application and some Pyramid APIs will not work.

For this reason, Pyramid makes it possible to run a script in an environment much like the environment produced when a particular request reaches your Pyramid application. This is achieved by using the pyramid.paster.bootstrap() command in the body of your script.

New in version 1.1: pyramid.paster.bootstrap()

Changed in version 1.8: Added the ability for bootstrap to cleanup automatically via the with statement.

In the simplest case, pyramid.paster.bootstrap() can be used with a single argument, which accepts the PasteDeploy .ini file representing your Pyramid application's configuration as a single argument:

from pyramid.paster import bootstrap

with bootstrap('/path/to/my/development.ini') as env:
    print(env['request'].route_url('home'))

pyramid.paster.bootstrap() returns a dictionary containing framework-related information. This dictionary will always contain a request object as its request key.

The following keys are available in the env dictionary returned by pyramid.paster.bootstrap():

request

A pyramid.request.Request object implying the current request state for your script.

app

The WSGI application object generated by bootstrapping.

root

The resource root of your Pyramid application. This is an object generated by the root factory configured in your application.

registry

The application registry of your Pyramid application.

closer

A parameterless callable that can be used to pop an internal Pyramid threadlocal stack (used by pyramid.threadlocal.get_current_registry() and pyramid.threadlocal.get_current_request()) when your scripting job is finished.

Let's assume that the /path/to/my/development.ini file used in the example above looks like so:

[pipeline:main]
pipeline = translogger
           another

[filter:translogger]
filter_app_factory = egg:Paste#translogger
setup_console_handler = False
logger_name = wsgi

[app:another]
use = egg:MyProject

The configuration loaded by the above bootstrap example will use the configuration implied by the [pipeline:main] section of your configuration file by default. Specifying /path/to/my/development.ini is logically equivalent to specifying /path/to/my/development.ini#main. In this case, we'll be using a configuration that includes an app object which is wrapped in the Paste "translogger" middleware (which logs requests to the console).

You can also specify a particular section of the PasteDeploy .ini file to load instead of main:

from pyramid.paster import bootstrap

with bootstrap('/path/to/my/development.ini#another') as env:
    print(env['request'].route_url('home'))

The above example specifies the another app, pipeline, or composite section of your PasteDeploy configuration file. The app object present in the env dictionary returned by pyramid.paster.bootstrap() will be a Pyramid router.

Changing the Request

By default, Pyramid will generate a request object in the env dictionary for the URL http://localhost:80/. This means that any URLs generated by Pyramid during the execution of your script will be anchored here. This is generally not what you want.

So how do we make Pyramid generate the correct URLs?

Assuming that you have a route configured in your application like so:

config.add_route('verify', '/verify/{code}')

You need to inform the Pyramid environment that the WSGI application is handling requests from a certain base. For example, we want to simulate mounting our application at https://example.com/prefix, to ensure that the generated URLs are correct for our deployment. This can be done by either mutating the resulting request object, or more simply by constructing the desired request and passing it into bootstrap():

from pyramid.paster import bootstrap
from pyramid.request import Request

request = Request.blank('/', base_url='https://example.com/prefix')
with bootstrap('/path/to/my/development.ini#another', request=request) as env:
    print(env['request'].application_url)
    # will print 'https://example.com/prefix'

Now you can readily use Pyramid's APIs for generating URLs:

env['request'].route_url('verify', code='1337')
# will return 'https://example.com/prefix/verify/1337'

Cleanup

If you're using the with-statement variant then there's nothing to worry about. However if you're using the returned environment directly then when your scripting logic finishes, it's good manners to call the closer callback:

from pyramid.paster import bootstrap
env = bootstrap('/path/to/my/development.ini')

# .. do stuff ...

env['closer']()

Setting Up Logging

By default, pyramid.paster.bootstrap() does not configure logging parameters present in the configuration file. If you'd like to configure logging based on [logger] and related sections in the configuration file, use the following command:

import pyramid.paster
pyramid.paster.setup_logging('/path/to/my/development.ini')

See Logging for more information on logging within Pyramid.

Making Your Script into a Console Script

A "console script" is Setuptools terminology for a script that gets installed into the bin directory of a Python virtual environment (or "base" Python environment) when a distribution which houses that script is installed. Because it's installed into the bin directory of a virtual environment when the distribution is installed, it's a convenient way to package and distribute functionality that you can call from the command-line. It's often more convenient to create a console script than it is to create a .py script and instruct people to call it with the "right" Python interpreter. A console script generates a file that lives in bin, and when it's invoked it will always use the "right" Python environment, which means it will always be invoked in an environment where all the libraries it needs (such as Pyramid) are available.

In general, you can make your script into a console script by doing the following:

  • Use an existing distribution (such as one you've already created via cookiecutter) or create a new distribution that possesses at least one package or module. It should, within any module within the distribution, house a callable (usually a function) that takes no arguments and which runs any of the code you wish to run.

  • Add a [console_scripts] section to the entry_points argument of the distribution which creates a mapping between a script name and a dotted name representing the callable you added to your distribution.

  • Run pip install -e . or pip install . to get your distribution reinstalled. When you reinstall your distribution, a file representing the script that you named in the last step will be in the bin directory of the virtual environment in which you installed the distribution. It will be executable. Invoking it from a terminal will execute your callable.

As an example, let's create some code that can be invoked by a console script that prints the deployment settings of a Pyramid application. To do so, we'll pretend you have a distribution with a package in it named myproject. Within this package, we'll pretend you've added a scripts.py module which contains the following code:

 1# myproject.scripts module
 2
 3import optparse
 4import sys
 5import textwrap
 6
 7from pyramid.paster import bootstrap
 8
 9def settings_show():
10    description = """\
11    Print the deployment settings for a Pyramid application.  Example:
12    'show_settings deployment.ini'
13    """
14    usage = "usage: %prog config_uri"
15    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
16        usage=usage,
17        description=textwrap.dedent(description)
18        )
19    parser.add_option(
20        '-o', '--omit',
21        dest='omit',
22        metavar='PREFIX',
23        type='string',
24        action='append',
25        help=("Omit settings which start with PREFIX (you can use this "
26              "option multiple times)")
27        )
28
29    options, args = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])
30    if not len(args) >= 1:
31        print('You must provide at least one argument')
32        return 2
33    config_uri = args[0]
34    omit = options.omit
35    if omit is None:
36        omit = []
37    with bootstrap(config_uri) as env:
38        settings = env['registry'].settings
39        for k, v in settings.items():
40            if any([k.startswith(x) for x in omit]):
41                continue
42            print('%-40s     %-20s' % (k, v))

This script uses the Python optparse module to allow us to make sense out of extra arguments passed to the script. It uses the pyramid.paster.bootstrap() function to get information about the application defined by a config file, and prints the deployment settings defined in that config file.

After adding this script to the package, you'll need to tell your distribution's setup.py about its existence. Within your distribution's top-level directory, your setup.py file will look something like this:

 1import os
 2
 3from setuptools import setup, find_packages
 4
 5here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 6with open(os.path.join(here, 'README.txt')) as f:
 7    README = f.read()
 8with open(os.path.join(here, 'CHANGES.txt')) as f:
 9    CHANGES = f.read()
10
11requires = ['pyramid', 'pyramid_debugtoolbar']
12
13tests_require = [
14    'WebTest >= 1.3.1',  # py3 compat
15    'pytest',  # includes virtualenv
16    'pytest-cov',
17]
18
19setup(name='MyProject',
20    version='0.0',
21    description='My project',
22    long_description=README + '\n\n' +  CHANGES,
23    classifiers=[
24        "Programming Language :: Python",
25        "Framework :: Pyramid",
26        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
27        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application",
28    ],
29    author='',
30    author_email='',
31    url='',
32    keywords='web pyramid pylons',
33    packages=find_packages(),
34    include_package_data=True,
35    zip_safe=False,
36    install_requires=requires,
37    extras_require={
38        'testing': tests_require,
39    },
40    entry_points = """\
41    [paste.app_factory]
42    main = myproject:main
43    """,
44    )

We're going to change the setup.py file to add a [console_scripts] section within the entry_points string. Within this section, you should specify a scriptname = dotted.path.to:yourfunction line. For example:

[console_scripts]
show_settings = myproject.scripts:settings_show

The show_settings name will be the name of the script that is installed into bin. The colon (:) between myproject.scripts and settings_show above indicates that myproject.scripts is a Python module, and settings_show is the function in that module which contains the code you'd like to run as the result of someone invoking the show_settings script from their command line.

The result will be something like:

 1import os
 2
 3from setuptools import setup, find_packages
 4
 5here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 6with open(os.path.join(here, 'README.txt')) as f:
 7    README = f.read()
 8with open(os.path.join(here, 'CHANGES.txt')) as f:
 9    CHANGES = f.read()
10
11requires = ['pyramid', 'pyramid_debugtoolbar']
12
13tests_require = [
14    'WebTest >= 1.3.1',  # py3 compat
15    'pytest',  # includes virtualenv
16    'pytest-cov',
17]
18
19setup(name='MyProject',
20    version='0.0',
21    description='My project',
22    long_description=README + '\n\n' +  CHANGES,
23    classifiers=[
24        "Programming Language :: Python",
25        "Framework :: Pyramid",
26        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
27        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application",
28    ],
29    author='',
30    author_email='',
31    url='',
32    keywords='web pyramid pylons',
33    packages=find_packages(),
34    include_package_data=True,
35    zip_safe=False,
36    install_requires=requires,
37    extras_require={
38        'testing': tests_require,
39    },
40    entry_points = """\
41    [paste.app_factory]
42    main = myproject:main
43    [console_scripts]
44    show_settings = myproject.scripts:settings_show
45    """,
46)

Once you've done this, invoking $VENV/bin/pip install -e . will install a file named show_settings into the $somevenv/bin directory with a small bit of Python code that points to your entry point. It will be executable. Running it without any arguments will print an error and exit. Running it with a single argument that is the path of a config file will print the settings. Running it with an --omit=foo argument will omit the settings that have keys that start with foo. Running it with two "omit" options (e.g., --omit=foo --omit=bar) will omit all settings that have keys that start with either foo or bar:

$VENV/bin/show_settings development.ini --omit=pyramid --omit=debugtoolbar
debug_routematch                             False
debug_templates                              True
reload_templates                             True
mako.directories                             []
debug_notfound                               False
default_locale_name                          en
reload_resources                             False
debug_authorization                          False
reload_assets                                False
prevent_http_cache                           False

Pyramid's pserve, pcreate, pshell, prequest, ptweens, and other p* scripts are implemented as console scripts. When you invoke one of those, you are using a console script.